The Definition of Instructional Design Technology
Instructional Design (Baek, 2018) is a systematic and systemic process for the creation of educational resources. It is often viewed as a "problem-solving" process. Instructional Design (ID) usually be viewed as a "problem-solving" process.
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Systemic refers to something that affects an entire system. In this sense it is complete.
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Systematic refers to something done according to process or plan.
My Definition of Instructional Design And Technology
My definition of Instruction Technology is using technology through the process of teaching-learning, in order to achieve the high quality teaching.
History of IDT
The graph below presents a historical timeline of Information Technology in education from the 1920s to the present. It tracks the evolution from early radio and visual instructional tools to the integration of computers and the internet in educational settings, highlighting key developments such as the audiovisual instruction movement, behaviorism with B.F. Skinner's contributions, Gagne's instructional events, the emergence of computers and cognitivism in the 1970s, and the shift to online instruction in recent decades.
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B.F. Skinner, an American psychologist, is known for developing the operant conditioning principles within the behaviorist framework. His work emphasized the role of reinforcement and punishment in shaping behavior. For example, he created the 'Skinner box,' a controlled environment to study animal behavior, demonstrating how positive reinforcement could modify behavior.
Key Scholars
Robert Gagne was an American educational psychologist who established nine events of instruction, which serve as a framework for designing effective teaching and learning processes. These events start with gaining the attention of the learner and progress through stages including stating objectives, stimulating recall of prior learning, presenting content, providing learning guidance, eliciting performance, giving feedback, assessing performance, and enhancing retention and transfer. An example of his work is the 'Conditions of Learning,' which outlines how different types of learning objectives require different types of instruction.
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Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist, greatly influenced constructivism learning theory, which posits that learners construct knowledge through their experiences rather than just absorbing information. Piaget's work stressed the importance of making learning interactive and engaging, tailoring it to the learner's developmental stage, including their age, existing knowledge, and skills. His research led to the theory of cognitive development, which describes how a child constructs a mental model of the world. He is well-known for his stages of cognitive development, including sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages, which delineate how children's ability to think and understand grows as they develop.
Three Learning Theories
Behaviourism:
Behaviourism is focuses on changes in observable behaviour to indicate learning has occurred.
Reinforcer are events can be presented to increasing the probability of the desired behaviour.
Discriminative stimuli are the cues to the learners to elicit the desired behaviour. (Baek,2018)
Cognitivism:
Cognitivism focuses on processing of stimuli by the learners.
representation of stimuli may exist in memory.
Schemata are organized structures in memory that are created and modified when learning occurs.(Baek,2018)
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Constructivism:
Constructivism focuses on construction of internal representation of knowledge by the learners in order to sense of external events.(Baek,2018)
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My education philosophy
Technology plays a major part in my philosophy of education. Technology will come in handy in helping learners to collaborate. For example, students can be able to do a group assignment from the comfort of their individual homes through video conferencing or teleconferencing. At the same time, students will be able to share reading materials through platforms like the email, WeChat, and Google Drive among others. Students can also make use of online discussion forums like those provided by blackboard. While such online platforms are primarily used by online students currently, they should also be used by teachers to facilitate discussions among students who attend common physical classes as well. PowerPoint presentations is an especially important technological tool for collaborative learning because it can be used by students to summarize and present the work and findings of their group to students for other groups.
References
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Buffalo. Home. (n.d.). https://www.buffaloschools.org/
Buffalo. Home. (n.d.). https://www.buffaloschools.org/
Kurt, S. (2022, October 17). Gagne’s nine events of instruction. Education Library. https://educationlibrary.org/gagnes-nine-events-of-instruction/
Wikimedia Foundation. (2023a, November 15). B. F. Skinner. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B._F._Skinner
Wikimedia Foundation. (2023b, November 26). Jean Piaget. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Piaget
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